Some Terms used in the Scientific Names for Plants Katherine Dunster © 2018 Katherine Dunster Secure open access downloads from: https://kora.kpu.ca/islandora/search/Dunster?type=dismax This is an open access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, which permits non-commercial unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover set in Eric Gill’s Perpetua Titling (1929) 18 & 24 pt Body Text in Eric Gill’s Gill Sans (1926) 9/11/18 pt 1st Printing 2013 2nd Printing 2018 ∮ “You don’t draw an A and then stand back and say: ‘there, that gives you a good idea of an A as seen through an autumn mist’, or: ‘that’s not a real A but gives you a good effect of one.’ Letters are things, not pictures of things. - Eric Gill “It’s not all Latin” - K. Dunster Aa a- ........................................................................................................................................not abies- ...................................................................................................................................fir acantho / acanthus ........................................................................................spiny, thorny accolus .......................................................................................... dwells near, neighbours aceri- .................................................................................................................maple, bitter acerbus ..........................................................................................................................bitter acerosus ................................................................................needle-shaped (like a pine) -aceus ....................................................................................................... like, resembling acicularis ............................................................................................................. needle-like acid- ...................................................................................................................sour, acidic acrenulatus ................................................................................. fairly crenate, scalloped acris ....................................................................................................................acrid, sharp acrotriche ........................................................................................................ hairy-lipped actino- ...........................................................................................................rayed, star-like aculeatus ...................................................................................................................prickly acuminatus ..................................................................................... long-pointed, tapering -adelphus ....................................................................................................... group, bundle aden- ...........................................................................................................................glands admirabilis ........................................................................................................... wonderful adnatus ...................................................................................attached the whole length adpressus .................................................................................................. lying flat against adscendens ......................................................................................................... ascending aduncus / aduncatus ..............................................................................................hooked advenus ......................................................................................... foreign, newly-arrived aemulus /aemulans ............................................................................... rivalling, imitating aequi- /aequalis ........................................................................................................... equal aequinoctialis .................................................................................................mid-tropical aerius ...........................................................................................................................aerial aeruginosus ............................................................................. verdigris, rusty-coloured aestival / aestivalis /aestivalus ............................................................................summer affinis .........................................................................................................................related aggregatus ............................................................................................................clustered agrarius /agrestis ........................................................................... cultivated land, fields agrifolius .......................................................................................................scabby-leaved alatus ..........................................................................................................................winged albi- ..............................................................................................................................white alci- .....................................................................................................................................elk algidus ............................................................................................................................ cold alienus ............................................................................................................. alien, foreign alliaceus ............................................................................................. onion-like, garlic-like allochrous .................................................................................................changing colour alni- ...............................................................................................................................alder 1 viridulus ................................................................................................................... greenish viscidus /viscosus ........................................................................................................sticky vitaceus .................................................................................................................... vine-like vitellinus....................................................................................... egg-yolk reddish-yellow viti- ............................................................................................................................... grape vittatus ............................................................................................. longitudinally striped vittiformis ....................................................................................................... band-shaped viviparus ......................................................germinating while still attached to parent volubilis ...................................................................................................................... twining volutus ........................................................................................................rolled-up leaves -vorus ...................................................................................................................-devouring vulcanicus ............................................................................................................ volcanoes vulgaris /vulgatus................................................................................................... common -vulnerus ..........................................................................................wounded or marked Xx xanthi- /xantho ..........................................................................................................yellow xero-.................................................................................................................................dryxiph- ..................................................................................................................... sword-like -xylon ........................................................................................................relating to wood xylon- ..........................................................................................................................woody Zz zebrinus ...........................................................................................................zebra-striped zibethinus .....................................................................................civet-smell, malodorous zonatim .................................................................................................. in a zoned manner zonatus ......................................................................................................... zoned, banded -zonus ............................................................................................................................-zone zygo- ................................................................................................................. joined, yoked 38 Vv vacillans .......................................................................... swaying or swinging to and fro vagans ................................................................................................................. wandering vaginalis /vaginatus ..............................................................................................sheathed validus .......................................................................................... strong, robust-growing -valvis ..........................................................................................................................valved varians ........................................................................................................................ varying variatus ..................................................................................................................... variable variegatus ........................................................................................................... variegated vegetabilis .............................................................................................belonging to plants vegetus .....................................................................................................................vigorous velatus .................................................................................................. covered, concealed velox .................................................................................................rapidly growing, swift velutinus .....................................................................................................................velvety venenatus ............................................................................................................ poisonous venosus .......................................................................................................................... veins venustus ..................................................................................................beautiful, graceful verecundus .............................................................................................modest, blushing vermicularis ................................................................................................. worm-shaped vernalis ........................................................................................................spring (season) vernicosus ............................................................................................................varnished verrucosus ..................................................................................................................warty versi- .......................................................................................................................... inverse verticillaris .............................................................................................................whorled verus ..............................................................................................true, genuine, standard vesciculosus ................................................................................................. little bladders vescus ...................................................................................................... weak, thin, feeble vespertinus ...............................................................belonging to the evening, western vestitus .....................................................................................................covered, clothed vexans .......................................................................................................................puzzling vexillarius ........................................................... standard petal larger than the others viaticus ...............................................................................growing along roads or paths villosus ...................................................................................................................soft-hairy viminalis ..................................................................bearing shoots for weaving (osiers) vimineus ...................................having long flexible shoots for wicker-work (osiers) vini- ..................................................................................................................................wine vinosus ..........................................................................................................wine-coloured violaceus ....................................................................................................................... violet virens ............................................................................................................................ green virgatus ........................................................................................................................twiggy virginalis .............................................................................................................. virgin, pure virgineus ............................................................................................................. pure white viridi- ............................................................................................................................. green 37 aqueus ...........................................................................................................clear as water arachnoides ......................................................................................... spidery, cobwebby arborescens /arboreus ....................................................... becoming tree-like, woody arbuscula ...........................................................................................................a small tree arctos ........................................................................................................................... bear arenarius.................................................................................................. growing on sand areolatus................................................. pitted, marked out into small angular spaces argentatus /argenteus ................................................................................................. silver argill /argyraeus............................................................................................................... clay argo- ............................................................................................................................... silver argutus ...............................................................................................sharp, sharp-toothed aridus ................................................................................................................................arid arietinus .................................................................................................... like a ram’s head arist- /atus /osus ....................................................................................................bearded armatus ........................................................................................................................ armed armillaris .................................................................................................................. collared aromaticus .............................................................................................................aromatic arrectus ........................................................................................................................ erect arthro- ........................................................................................................................ jointed articulatus ..............................................................................................atriculate, jointed arundinaceus .........................................................................................................reed-like arvensis ...................................................................................................... cultivated fields asari- ......................................................................................................................... ginger ascendens ........................................................................................................... ascending asperratus /asperi- .................................................................................................... rough assimilis .......................................................................................................................similar assurgens /assurgenti- ....................................................................................... ascending -aster ............................................................................................................................. aster asterinus ............................................................................................................. aster-violet -ater...................................................................................................................... coal-black atomarius /atomatus .....................................................................................tiny-speckled atratus ..................................................................................................... blackened, dark atro- ............................................................................................................................. dark attenuatus ............................................................................................................... pointed augusti- .................................................................................................... notable, majestic auranti- .......................................................................................................................golden aurantiacus ........................................................................................................ orange-red aureolus /aureus ...................................................................................................... golden auriculatus ................................................................................................................. eared australis /australinus .......................................................................................... southern autumnalis ............................................................................................................... autumn avenis.........................................................................................................................veinless avium ............................................................................................................................. birds axillaris ................................................................................................................... axillary azureus .........................................................................................................................azure 2 Bb baccans /baccatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has berries bacci- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . berries bambusoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bamboo-like barbarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foreign barbatulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat bearded barbiatus /barbigera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bearded, barbed basilaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . base, bottom bellidi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beautiful bellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . handsome benedictus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . blessed betaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beet-like betula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . birch betulinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . birch-like bi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two biennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . biennial binatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . twin bisectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bisected bistortus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . twice-twisted bisulcatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two-grooved bituminosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coal-black blandus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mild blephari- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fringed bonus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . good borealis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . northern botrys /botryoides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clustered, grape-like brachiatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . branched at right angles brachy- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . short bracteatus /bracteosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bracted brassica- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mustard brevi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . short brilliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brilliant bronchialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bronchial brunneus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deep brown bucephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ox-headed bufonius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . toad bulbi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bulb -bulbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bulbs bulbosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bulbous bullatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .blistered, puckered -bundus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . many buxi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . box 3 tremulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .trembling, quaking tri- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three -triche /tricho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hairs trichotomus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three-branched or forked tristis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sad, bitter, dull triternatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thrice in threes trivialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . common, ordinary tropicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tropics truncatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . truncated, cutoff square tubatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tubes, trumpet-shaped tuberculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .covered with tubercles tuberosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . producing tubers tubulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trumpet-shaped tumidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . swollen turbinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . top-shaped turbinellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . little top-shaped turgidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inflated, full, swollen with air or water -tylo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with knobs typhinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fever typicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . typical Uu -ulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .little uliginosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . growing in wet or marshy places umbonatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .having a round projection at center umbraculi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . umbrella umbrosus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shady, growing in the shade uncinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barbed or hooked point undatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wavy unguicularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clawed uni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one urbanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of towns or cities urceolatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . urn or pitcher-shaped urens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . burning, stinging uro- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tail ursinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bears, northern urtici- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nettle usitatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .useful ustulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . burnt,sere utilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .useful utriculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with bladdered one-seed fruits uvarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .like a bunch of grapes 36 tabularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flattened horizontally, table-like tanacetifolius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tansy-leaved taraxicifolius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dandelion-leaved tardi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . late tardivus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . very late tartareus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . having a rough crumbling surface taxi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yew technicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . technical, special tectorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of roofs tectus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . concealed, covered telmat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wet meadows tempus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .time temulentus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .drunken, intoxicated tenax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tenacious, strong tenebrosus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dark, shady places tenellus /tenera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .slender, tender, soft tentaculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sensitive glandular hair e.g. Drosera sp. tenui- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .slender, thin terebinthi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . turpentine teres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . circular in cross-section terminalis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . terminal ternatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in threes terrestris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . growing on the earth or ground tessellatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . checkered testaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . light brown, brick-colored testudinarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tortoise-shell tetra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . four texanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of Texas textilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textiles, woven -thele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nipplethermalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . warm springs thysano- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fringetigrinus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tiger-striped tinctorius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .used in dying tomentosus ................................................................................................. densely wooly tonsus ...............................................................................................shaven, clipped, shorn torminalis .............................................................................................. useful against colic torosus /torulosus............................................................ cylindrical with constrictions torti- .................................................................................................... with twisted leaves toxicarius ............................................................................................................poisonous toxico- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poison trachy- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rough translucens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . translucent, allowing light to shine through transparens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . transparent trapezi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . four unequal sides 35 Cc caeruleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dark blue caesius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bluish-gray caespitosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tufted calami- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .reed calathinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .basket-like calcaratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spurred calcareus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lime calli- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beautiful callosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thick-skinned calo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beautiful calvus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bald, naked calycinus /calyculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . calyx-like calyptratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with a calyptra -calyptus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . covered -calyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . calyx campanularia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bell-flowered campanulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bell-shaped campylo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .curved canaliculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .channeled, grooved cancellatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cross-barred candicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . white, hoary candidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pure white, shining canescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gray-downy caninus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dog canus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ash-coloured, hoary capestris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fields, plains capillaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hair-like capilli- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hair-like, slender capitatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . headed capitellatus /capitellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . little-headed capreolatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . winding, twining capsularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . capsuled cardinalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .red cardio- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .heart-shaped carduaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thistle-like caricosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . carex (sedge)-like carinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . keeled carini- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . keels carminatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . carmine carneus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .flesh-coloured carnicus /carnosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fleshy carnosulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat fleshy 4 -carpus ................................................................................................................. fruit, seed cartilagineus .................................................................................................. cartilage-like caryophyllaceus ................................................................................................. clove-like castaneus ............................................................................................ chestnut-coloured caudatus ..................................................................................................................... tailed caudescens .......................................................................................................... stem-like cauli- ...........................................................................................................................stems caulialatus .................................................................................................. wing-stemmed causticus ..................................................................................................................caustic -cavus .........................................................................................................................hollow centi- ...................................................................................................................... hundred -centrus ................................................................................................................ centered cephalatus ............................................................................................................... headed cephalotes .............................................................................................................head-like -cephalus ..................................................................................................................... head -ceps .................................................................................................................. edges, head ceramicus ....................................................................................................... ceramic-like cerasi- ....................................................................................................................... cherry cerato- ..................................................................................................................... horned cere- ............................................................................................................................waxy cereale ..............................................................................................................agricultural cer- /eus /i- /inus .........................................................................................................waxy cernuus ............................................................................................... drooping, nodding cheil- ................................................................................................................................. lip -chilus ........................................................................................................................ lipped chion- .......................................................................................................................... snow chiro- ............................................................................................................................hand chloro- ....................................................................................................................... green -chromus ..............................................................................................................coloured chryseus /chryso- .................................................................................................. golden ciliaris /ciliatus ........................................................................................... fringed, ciliate ciliolaris .................................................................................................secondarily ciliate cinctus .................................................................................................... girdled, crowned cinerascens /cinereus .......................................................................................... ash-gray cinnabarinus ...................................................................................................cinnabar-red cinnamomeus /cinnamomi- ................................................................ cinnamon-brown cilii- ............................................................................................................... fringed, ciliate circinalis /circinatus ........................................................... coiled inwards from the tip cirrhatus /cirrhosus ...........................................................................................tendrilled cis- ................................................................................................................ on this side of citratus ............................................................................................................... citrus-like citri- ............................................................................................................................. citrus clado- ...................................................................................................................... club-like -clados.................................................................................................................... branched clandestinus ........................................................................................................ concealed striatulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .somewhat striped striatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .striped stricti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stiff, erect strigosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scraggy with bristles strigulosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat strigose striolatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat striped strobilaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cone-like strobili- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cone strumarius /strumatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tumors or swellings strumosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cushion-like swellings stylosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .prominent styles -stylus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .style styphelos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hard, rough styracifluus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flowing with gum suaveolens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sweet-scented suavis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sweet sub- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat, nearly, slightly subalpinus . . . . . . . . . . . growing below the timberline (above is the alpine zone) suberculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . corky suberosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cork-barked submersus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . submerged, growing under water subterraneus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . underground subulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . awl-shaped succulentus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fleshy suecicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of Sweden suffrutescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .slightly woody, shrubby suffultus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . supported sulcatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . furrowed, grooved sulphureus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sulfur-coloured superans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . overtopping superbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . superb superciliaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eyebrow-like superfluus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .superfluous, redundant supinus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bent backwards, prostrate supra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on the upper side, over surculosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . suckers suspensus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . suspended, hung sylvaticus /sylvestris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the forest, growing wild sylvicolus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inhabitants of the forest syn- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with, together 5 34 Tt tabula- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .flat tablet sordidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dirty-looking -sorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pertaining to the sori sparsi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sparse, few spathaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with a spathe spathulatus /spathuli- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spathulate speciosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . showy, splendid spectabilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spectacular, showy spectandrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . showy spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . image, apparition speculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shining, reflecting -spermus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . seed sphacelatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with brown or blackish speckling sphaericus /sphaero- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spherical spicatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spiky spinuli- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small spines spirellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .little spiral splendens /splendidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shining, gleaming, brilliant spumarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .frothing spurius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spurious, false. fake squalidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dirty, squalid squamatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with small scaly leaves/bracts squamosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . covered with coarse scales squarrosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rough with overlapping pointy scales -stachys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . relating to a spike, spikes stamineus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .relating to stamens stans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . standing upright staphylos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . grape-shaped staura- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cross-shaped -stele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . column stellaris /stellatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . starry, star-shaped -stemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stamen -stemus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . filaments steno- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . narrow sterilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sterile -stichus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in a row or line -stictus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dotted, spotted stigmaticus /stigmosus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .relating to a stigma -stigmus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stigma stipulaceus /stipularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . belonging to stipules stipulosus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . large stipules stoloni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . runners that take root -stomus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mouth stramineus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .straw-coloured strangulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .strangled, constricted, throttled strepto- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . twisted claudens /clausus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . closed clavatus /clavi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .club-shaped -clema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . twig, branch, shoot clivorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hills clypeatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shield-like coarctatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crowded, pressed together cocci- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . berry coccineus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scarlet cochleari- /cochleartus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spoon-like coelestinus /coelestis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sky-blue cognatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . related to cohaerens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clinging together -colasius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hairs collinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hills -coloratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coloured columellaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small pillar, pedestal columnaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .columnar comansatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hairy commixtus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mixed communis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . common commutatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . changing comosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . long-haired compactus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . compact, dense complanatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flattened complexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . circled, embraced complicatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . complicated compositus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .compound compressus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . compressed, flattened comptus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ornamented -comus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hairs, crown con- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uniform, same concavus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hollowed out conchae- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shell-like concinnus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . neat, elegant concolor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uniform-coloured condensatus /condensus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . condensed, crowded conferti- /confertus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . densely, close-together confusus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uncertain congestus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . congested conglomeratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clustered coni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cone-like conjugatus /conugialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joined connatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . united, twin cono- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cone-like conopseus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canopied 33 6 consanguineus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . related consolidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . consolidated conspersus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scattered conspicuus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conspicuous constrictus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . constricted contiguus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . touching continentalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . continental contortus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . twisted contractus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . contracted controversus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . controversial convolvulaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . morning-glory-like copros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dung coralli- /corallinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coral-red cordatus /cordati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . heart-shaped coriaria /coriaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . leathery corneus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . horny, hard, but not brittle corniculatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with a small horn-like appendage -cornis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . horned cornutus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . horn-shaped corollatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . corolla-like coronarius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . useful for garlands coronatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crowned corrugatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wrinkled corticosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thick-barked coruscans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vibrating, glittering corymbo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . corymb coryno- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . club-like costatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ribbed crassi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thick, fleshy crassiusculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat thick crebrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . close, frequent, repeated crenatus /crenulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scalloped, rounded teeth -crene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fountain cretaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chalky crinitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tufts of long weak hairs crispatus /crispus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . curled, wavy cristagalli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cock’s comb cristatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crested croc- /atus /eus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saffron-yellow cruci- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cross cruciatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cross-shaped cruentus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . blood-stained crusgalli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cockspur crystallinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crystalline cucullatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hooded sclero- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hardscoparius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . broom-like scopulorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rocks scorpioides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scorpion-like scotica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scottish sculptus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sculpted, engraved scutatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shield-shaped scutellaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dish-shaped seclusus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hidden sectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cut secundus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . following, next semi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . halfsemper- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . always, ever senilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .old, white-haired sensibilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sensitive sept- /septem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . seven septentrionalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . northern sericeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . silky serotinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . late to leaf or flower serpens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creeping serpentinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .snakey, serpentine serratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saw-edged with sharp teeth pointing forwards serrulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . somewhat serrated sesqui- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one and a half sesquipedalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one and a half feet long sessili- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sessilesetiformis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bristle-like sex- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . six sibiricus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Siberia siccatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dried siculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sicily sidero- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iron signatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marked, designated siliceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sand silvaticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the woods silvestris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the woods similis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . similar simplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .simple, unbranched simulans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . similar, imitating sinensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chinese sinulatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sinuous, wavy-margined smaragdinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . emerald-green soboli- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creeping roots, rooting stems solidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . solid, dense somnus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sleep 7 32 rufescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reddish rufidulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reddish runcinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pinnatifid rupestris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rock-dwelling rupicolus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cliffs or ledges rupifragus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rock-breaking ruralis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . belonging to the country russatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .reddish, russet rusticanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the countryside rusticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the countryside rutido- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rough rutilans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reddish-orange Ss saccatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bag-shaped, pouched saccharatus /saccharinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sugary sacciformis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bag-shaped sagittatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arrow-like salicariae-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . willow salici- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . willow saliginus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .willow-like, willowy salinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .salty salsuginosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . growing in brackish places, salt-marshes sanctus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . holy sanguineus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . blood-red sapidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tasty saponaceus /saponarius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . soapy sarmentosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has runners sativa / sativus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cultivated saturatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .saturated sauro- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lizard saxi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rocks saxosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .full of rocks saxtilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rocks scaber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scabrous, rough scabrellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . minutely rough scandens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .climbing scaposus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with scapes scariosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .thin, dry and not green schidi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spine schistosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . split schizo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .deeply divided 31 cucumerinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cucumber-like cultorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . garden, cultivated cultratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . knife-shaped cuneatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wedge-shaped cum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with, together with, along with cumulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . heaped, piled cupuleatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cup-shaped cupreus /cuprinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coppery cupressi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cypress cupressinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cypress-like cupreus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . copper-coloured curtus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shortened curvatus /curvi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . curved cuspidi- /cuspidatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cusps, sharp stiff points -cuspis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cusps, sharp stiff points cyano- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . blue cyaneus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dark-blue cyathodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cup-like cyclo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . circular cyclicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coiled into a circle cylindraceus /cylindro- /cylindricus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cylindrical cymbiformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boat-shaped cymosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with cymes Dd dacryoideus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tear or pear-shaped dactyl- /dactylinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fingers, branchlets dasy- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thick, shaggy dealbatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . covered with a white powder, whitened debilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . weak deca- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ten deciduus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deciduous decipiens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deceiving of another species declinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bent or curved downwards decolorans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . faded, losing colour decompositus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . divided more than once decorticans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with bark peeling off decorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . elegant decumbens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prostrate with tip rising upwards decurrens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . running down the stem deflexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bent abruptly downward deformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mishapen dehiscens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dehiscent 8 dejectus .............................................................................................................. low, fallen delapsus ................................................................................................................fallen away delectus .................................................................................................................. selected deliciosus ............................................................................................................. delicious deltate / deltoid .................................................................................................. triangular demersus ................................................................................. submerged, underwater deminuens ...........................................................................................................diminishing demissus ........................................................................... low, lowly, humble, drooping dendr- /dendro- /-dendron................................................................................... tree-like dendrobium ......................................................................................................... epiphytic -dens ........................................................................................................................... tooth densus- ........................................................................................................................ dense dentatus ................................................................................................................. toothed denticulatus ............................................................................................ very small teeth denudatus ................................................................................................................. naked deorsum ..................................................................................................downward, below depauperatus .............................................................................. dwarfed, undeveloped dependens ........................................................................................ hanging, suspended depressus ....................................................................................... flattened from above derasus ........................................................................................smoothed off, shaved off -dermis /dermato ......................................................................................................... skin deserti ...................................................................................................................... desert desiccatus .................................................................................................................dried up deustus .............................................................................................................. burned-up di- ................................................................................................................................... two diadema .................................................................................................................... crown diaphanus ........................................................................................................ transparent dichotomus ............................................................. always divided or forked in pairs dichrous ...................................................................................................... two-coloured didymus ......................................................................................... in pairs (e.g. stamens) difformis ................................................................................ irregular or variable form diffusus ................................................................................................. loosely spreading digitatus ............................................. hand-like, leaflets radiating from tip of petiole dilatatus ....................................................................... broadened, expanded, widened dimidius .................................................................................................................... halved dioicus ................................................................................................................ dioecious dipsaceus ........................................................................................................... teasel-like discolor ..................................................................................... two colours, variegated dispar ......................................................................................................................... unlike dissectus ........................................................................................................... deeply-cut dissimilis .................................................................................................................... unlike dissiti- .................................................................................................. well-spaced, apart distans ..................................................................................... distant, separate, remote distichus ...................................................................... arranged in two opposite rows diurnis .................................................................... belonging to the day, day-flowering 9 rectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .straight, upright recurvatus /recurvus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .curved backwards redivivus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . restored, brought to life reflexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bent back at more than 90° refractus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bent or strongly curved back refulgens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brightly shining regalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .regal, royal regina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . queenly regius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kingly, royal, regal religiosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . used for religious purposes reniformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kidney-shaped repandus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . slightly uneven or wavy margin repens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creeping, prostrate, low replicatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . folded back reptans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . creeping resinosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . resinous reticulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . netted retortus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . twisted back retro- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .backwards retrorsus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .turned backwards retusus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rounded shallowly notched end reversus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . turned about, reversed revolutus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rolled backwards rhizophyllus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . producing roots from the leaves rhodo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roserhynch- /rhyncho- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beaked rhytido- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rumpled, wrinkled rigens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rigid, stiff, unbendable ringens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gaping riparius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . living on riverbanks rivalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pertaining to brooks rivularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pertaining to brooklets rosaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . like the flower of a single rose rostratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beaked, with a long beak -rostris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -beaked rosulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .in the form of rosettes rotatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wheel-shaped rotundatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . round rubens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reddish ruber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red, ruddy rubescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . turning red rubiginosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rusty-red ruderalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . growing among rubble (e.g. side of road) rudis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wild rudiusculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sort of wild 30 pungens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .piercing, hard sharp-pointed puniceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reddish-purple purpuratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . purple pusillus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . very small pustulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . blistered, having pustules pycno- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . close, dense, or thick pygmaeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pigmy, dwarf pyramidalis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pyramid-shaped pyriformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pear-shaped pyxidatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . box-like with a lid Qq quad- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . four quadratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . squared quercinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oak-like -quetrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . corners quinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .in fives quinque- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . five divaricatus ............................................................................. spreading at a wide angle divergens .............................................................................................going different ways diversi- ..................................................................................................................... various dodeca- .................................................................................................................... twelve dolich- /dolicho- ................................................................................. long, long-flowered dolosus ................................................................................................................. deceitful domesticus ....................................................................................... domestic, common draco- ...................................................................................................................... dragon drepano- ...................................................................................................... sickle-shaped drupaceus ......................................................................................................... drupe-like dubius .................................................................................................................... doubtful dulcis .......................................................................................................... sweet, pleasant dumetorum .............................................................................................. bushes, hedges dumosus .................................................................... full of thorn-bushes, bushy habit duplex ...................................................................................................................... double duplicato ..................................................................................................... twice as much durabilis ........................................................................................................... long-lasting duracinus ...................................................................................................... hard-berried durior ....................................................................................................................... harder duriusculus ............................................................................. somewhat hard or rough durus ................................................................................................................................ hard Ee Rr racemi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with a raceme racemosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with unbranched flowers radians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radiating from a common centre radiatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bearing rays radicalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .basal, arising from root-stock radicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rooting radicatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . having roots radicosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with many roots radiosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . many rays radulans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rasping ramentaceus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . covered with a thin membrane rami- ........................................................................................................................branched ramosus ...................................................................................................... much-branched ramulosus ................................................................................... bearing many branchlets ranunculinus ................................................................................ resembling a buttercup rapiformis .......................................................................................................turnip-shaped rariflorus ................................................................................................. sparsely flowered re- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . again reclinatus ...............................................................................................reclined, bent back 29 e- .............................................................................................................. without, lacking ebenaceus ...................................................................................................... ebony black ebracteatus .......................................................................................................... bractless eburneus ......................................................................................................... ivory-white echinatus ................................................................................... prickly like a hedge-hog ecoticatus ...................................................................................................... without bark edulis ......................................................................................................................... edible effusus ......................................................................... very loose-spreading, straggling elasticus ..................................................................................................................... elastic elatus ............................................................................................................................... tall elegans ..................................................................................................................... elegant eleganti- .................................................................................................................. elegant elegantulus .............................................................................................................. elegant elephanti- ................................................................................................... elephant, huge ellip- /soidalis /ticus ................................................................................................ elliptic elodes ........................................................................................................................ marsh elongatus ............................................................................................................ elongated emarcidus ................................................................................................................withered emarginatus ................................................................................. shallow notch at apex emeticus ................................................................................................................... emetic 10 eminens ................................................................ prominent, projecting, standing out endo- .................................................................................................................within, inside enecans .................................................................................................... killing completely enervis ......................................................................................................... without nerves ennea- ........................................................................................................................... nine ensatus- .............................................................................................................. sword-like -ensis ........................................................................................ indicating origin or place -epi...................................................................................................... upon, over, on top of equinus ............................................................................................ pertaining to horses erectus ....................................................................................................................... erect erio- .......................................................................................................................... woolly ermis ......................................................................................................................... armed erosus ........................................................................................................................ jagged erraticus ............................................................................................. erratic, wondering erubescens ................................................................... blushing, reddening, rose color erythro- ........................................................................................................................... red -escens ......................................................................................... like, becoming, slightly esculentus ................................................................................................................. edible evectus ................................................................................................................ extended evertus ............................................................................................ expelled, turned out eu- ............................................................................................................ well, good, truly evadens .....................................................................................................................escaping ex- ..........................................................................................................from, out of, away exaltatus ................................................................................................. raised high, lofty exaratus .............................................................................................................. furrowed exasperatus.................................................covered with sort hard points, roughened excavatus ................................................................................. hollowed out in a curve excelsus .........................................................................................................high, lofty, tall excisus ..................................................................................................................... cut out excorticatus ........................................................................................... stripped of bark exiguus ................................................................................................. weak, feeble, little eximie ......................................................................................... extraordinary, eminent exitiosus .......................................................................................pernicious, destructive exo- ........................................................................................................... outward, outside exoticus .................................................................................................................... exotic expansus ................................................................................. expanded, spreading out explodens ........................................................................................................... exploding exsculptus ...................................................................................... chiselled out, dug out exsertus ................................................................................................. protruding from exsurgens .............................................................................................rising up or out of extensus ............................................................................................................... extended extra ........................................................................................................outside of, beyond extrusus ...............................................................................................................pushed out exudans .................................................................................................................. exuding potamophilus..................................................................................................... river-loving praealtus ................................................................................................................... very tall praecox..................................................................................................................very early praemorsus .............................................................................................. bitten at the end praestans ......................................................................................................... distinguished praetextus ..............................................................................................................bordered prasinus ................................................................................................................leek-green pratensis ............................................................................................growing in meadows pravissimus..................................................................................................... very crooked primuli- ................................................................................................................... primrose primulinus ...................................................................................................... primrose-like principalis .............................................................................................................chief, main prismaticus ............................................................................................................. prismatic pro-............................................................................................................................... before proboscideus ................................................................................................ proboscis-like procerus ..........................................................................................................very tall, high procumbens .................................................................................. growing without roots procurrens ............................................................................................................extending productus ........................................................................................elongated, lengthened profusus ............................................................................................................... spread out prolifera /prolificans /prolificus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . producing offshoots or offsets propendens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hanging down propinquus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . neighboring, near to protrusus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .protruding provincia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pertaining to Provence, southern France pruinatus /pruinosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .with a waxy white bloom pruni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plum pruriens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . causing itching, stinging psammo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sandpseudo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . false psilo- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .slender or naked psittacinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .parrot-like psycodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fragrant ptero- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .winged pubens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . downy puberulus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .minutely pubescent pubescens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hairy as opposed to glabrous pubi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . softly hairy pudicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bashful, shrinking pulchellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beautiful and little pullus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dark, dusky pulverulentus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .powdered, dust-covered pulvinatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cushion-shaped pumilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dwarf, closely-growing punctatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dotted, spotted 11 28 -phlebius ..................................................................................................................... -veined phloginus ..............................................................................................................phlox-pink phoeniceus ............................................................................................................ bright red -phorus ..................................................................................................................... -bearing phyllomaniacus ..........................................................................................excessively leafy -phyllus........................................................................................................................ -leaved phymatodeus ................................................................................................................warty picturatus ............................................................................. painted, pictured, variegated pictus ...........................................................................................................colored, painted pileatus.............................................................................................with a cap, cap-shaped pilifer .........................................................................................................bearing soft hairs pilosiusculus..................................................................................................... slightly hairy pilosus ..................................................................................................................... soft hairs pilularis .............................................................................................................globular fruit pini-.................................................................................................................................. pinepiperita................................................................................................ peppermint-scented pisiformis .............................................................................................................pea-shaped pisinus .................................................................................................................... pea-green placatus .................................................................................................................quiet, calm placentiformis...............................................................................circular and flat-shaped plagio- .........................................................................................................................oblique plani-....................................................................................................................................flat plantagineus ...................................................................................................... plantain-like planus ..................................................................................................................................flat platy- ..............................................................................................................................broad pleio- ............................................................................................... many, more than usual pleniflorus ........................................................................................full or double flowers -pleuro ........................................................................................................... ribs or nerves pleuro- .............................................................................................................................. side plicatus .......................................................... folded into lengthwise pleats or furrows plumosus ................................................................................................ plumed, feathered plumbeus ............................................................................................................ leaden grey plumosus .................................................................................................................. feathery pluri- ................................................................................................................................many podophyllus .........................................................................................with a foot-like leaf poeticus ......................................................................................................................... poets polifolius ........................................................................................................... white-leaved politus ....................................................................................................................... polished poly- ............................................................................................................many, numerous pomaceus .............................................................................................................. pome-like pomeridianus .............................................................................opening in the afternoon pomponius .................................................................................................tuft or top knot ponderosus ....................................................................................................heavy, weighty porcinus ............................................................................................................................ pigs porphyr- /porphyro- ................................................................................................. purple 27 Ff fabaceus ............................................................................................................... bean-like fabiformis ......................................................................................................... bean-shaped falcatus ......................................................................................................... sickle-shaped fallax .................................................................................................................... deceptive farciminiformis ........................................................................................... sausage-shaped -farium ...........................................................................................ranked in a row or line farinaceus ................................................................................................................ starchy fasciatus .....................................................marked with bands of colour (variegated) fasciatus .............................................................................................. unusually flattened fasciculatus ....................................................................... clustered, growing in bundles fascinator .......................................................................................................... fascinating fastigiatus ................................................................................... branches erect and close fastuosus ................................................................................................................... proud fatiscens .......................................................................................disintegrating, crumbling fatuus .......................................................................................................... foolish, simple faviolatus............................................................................................. finely honeycombed favosus ........................................................................................................... honeycombed febrifugus ........................................................................................................ fever-curing femina /femineus ..................................................................................................... female fenestralis ......................................................................................................... windowed -fer ............................................................................................................................. carrying ferox ............................................................................................. ferocious, very thorny ferreus ........................................................................................................................... iron ferrugineus .......................................................................................... rusty, light-brown fertilis ......................................................................................................................... fertile -ferum ...................................................................................................................... bearing ferus ..................................................................................................................................wild festivus ......................................................................................................... festive, bright fibrillosus /fibrosus ................................................................................................ fibrous fici- .................................................................................................................................... fig -fidus ................................................................................................................ cut, divided fili- ..................................................................................................................... thread-like filicatus ................................................................................................................... fern-like fimbriatus ................................................................................................................ fringed firmatus ........................................................................................................................ firm fissilis ..................................................................................................................... cleft, split fissuratus ................................................................................................................ fissured flabellatus .......................................................................................................... fan-shaped flaccidus ......................................................................... unable to hold up own weight flagellaris /flagellatus ........................................................................................... whip-like flagelli- ................................................................................................. whip, scourge, flail flammeus .................................................................. flame-coloured, fiery-red, scarlet 12 flavescens ................................................................................................................. yellow flavidus ................................................................................................................ pale yellow flavus ............................................................................................ yellow paler than luteus flexibilis /flexilis ..................................................................................................... flexible flexuosus .................................................................................................... flexible, zigzag floccosus ......................................................................... woolly, with tufts of soft hair -florens ................................................................................................................ flowering florepleno .............................................................................................. double-flowered floribundus .............................................................................. profusely free-flowering floribus.............................................................................................................. with flowers floridus ................................................................................................................ flowering -florus ............................................................................................. abounding in flowers flutitans ............................................................................................... floating, swimming -fluus ........................................................................................................................ flowing fluviatilis ..................................................................................................................... rivers foeniculatus ...................................................................................................... fennel-like foetidus ............................................................................................... fetid, foul-smelling foliaceus ........................................................................................................................... leafy foliatus ................................................................................................................ leaf-letted -folius ......................................................................................................................... leaves follicularis .......................................................................................................... follicle-like fontinalis ................................................................ growing in or by springs (of water) foratus.................................................................................................... pierced with holes -formis /-forma ...................................................................................................... -shaped formosanus .........................................................................related to Formosa (Taiwan) formosus .............................................................................................................. beautiful fornicaeformis ................................................................................................ ant-shaped foveatus ...................................................................................................................... pitted foveolatus .....................................................................................................minutely pitted -fractus .................................................................................................................... broken fragans .................................................................................................................... fragrant fragarioides .............................................................................................. strawberry-like fragilis ........................................................................................................................ fragile -fragus ................................................................................................... splitting, breaking frigidus .......................................................................................................................... cold frondosus ..................................................................................................................... leafy -frons ........................................................................................................................ fronds fructifera ......................................................................................................... fruit-bearing -fructus ......................................................................................................................... fruit frumentaceus .............................................................................................. grain (cereal) fruticans ................................................................................................ becoming shrubby fruticosus ......................................................................................................shrubby, bushy fucatus ........................................................................................... painted, dyed, stained fugax ......................................................................fleeting, swift, transitory, ephemeral fulgens /fulgidus ....................................................................... shining, bright-coloured paradisiacus......................................................................................... of parks or gardens paradoxus ........................................................................................... paradoxical, strange parasiticus ................................................................................................................ parasitic partitus ........................................................................................................................ parted parvitas ................................................................................................................... smallness parvus ......................................................................................................... very small, puny patellaris ..............................................................................................circular, disk-shaped patens......................................................................................................................spreading patulus .....................................................................................................spread, outspread pauci-..................................................................................................................................few pauperculus.................................................................................................................... poor pausiacus .............................................................................................................olive-green pavoninus........................................................................................................ peacock-eyed pectinatim ...................................................................................................form of a comb pedatus ............................................................................................................... bird-footed peduncularis /pedunculatus .....................................................................................stalked pedunculosus............................................................................................with many stalks pelagicus ............................................................................................ pertaining to the sea pellucidus .................................................................................................. translucent dots peltatus ............................................................................................................shield-shaped pelviformis .......................................................................................................basin-shaped pendulinus ........................................................................................ somewhat pendulous penicillatus ..................................................................................................... pencil-shaped pennatus ..................................................................................................feathered, pinnate penta- .................................................................................................................................five per- ............................................................................................. through, very, completely perbellus ......................................................................................................... very beautiful persicinus ....................................................................................................peach-coloured percussus.............................................................................................. very sharp-pointed peregrinus ...............................................................................................exotic, wandering perforatus ............................................................................................. pierced with holes perfossus ......................................................................................pierced through, hollow pergracilis ......................................................................................................... very slender peri- ......................................................................................... about, around, surrounding permixtus ............................................................................................................very mixed perspicuus ................................................................................................clear, transparent pertusus................................................................................................stabbed, perforated perulatus .......................................................................having buds covered with scales -pes ......................................................................................................................... foot, stalk -petalinus / petaloideus .......................................................................................petal-like petiolaris................................................................................................ borne on a petiole petiolatus.......................................................................................provided with a petiole petraeus.........................................................................................growing amongst rocks phaeo- ..................................................................................................................dark, dusky -philus .......................................................................................................................... -loving 13 26 orbicularis ................................................................................................... circular, round orchideus .......................................................................................................... orchid-like oreganus .................................................................................................................Oregon oreo- .......................................................................................... pertaining to mountains orgyalis ........................................................................ six feet long or high (a fathom) orientalis ................................................................................................................ eastern ornans ............................................................................................................. ornamental ornatus ............................................................................. adorned, embellished, ornate ornith- ........................................................................................................................... bird ortho- ..................................................................................................................... straight ortus............................................................................................................descended from osm- /-osma .............................................................................................................. -scent osmo- ..................................................................................................................... fragrant -osus .......................................................................................................abundance, full of ovalis ................................................................................................................ oval, elliptic ovi- .................................................................................................................................. egg ovinus .................................................................................................pertaining to sheep oxy- ............................................................................................................................. sharp fuliginosus ....................................................................................................... sooty, black fulvidus ................................................................. somewhat tawny (yellowish-brown) fulvus ...........................................................................................tawny (yellowish-brown) fumeus ......................................................................................................................... smoky funebris ................................................................................................................. funereal fungosus .................................................................................................................. spongy funicularis ............................................................................................................. rope-like furcatus ................................................................ forked with two long terminal lobes fuscus ............................................................................................................ brown, dusky fusiformis .................................................................................................. spindle-shaped Gg pabularius ......................................................................................... fit for pasture fodder pachy- ...................................................................................................................thick, stout pacificus ........................................................................................................................Pacific palaceus ......................................................... margin attached e.g. leaf blade to petiole paleaceus ................................................................................................. chaff-like texture pallens ...............................................................................................................................pale pallescens ......................................................................................................becoming pale palliatus ...................................................................................................................... cloaked pallidus ..............................................................................................................................pale palmaris .................................................... equalling the width of the palm of the hand palmatus ........................................................palmate, lobed like an outstretched hand paludosus .........................................................................................................of the marsh palustris ...................................................................................................... swampy, marshy panduratus ...................................................................................................... fiddle-shaped paniculatus .......................................................................................................with panicles panicula .................................................................................compound raceme (panicle) panniformis /pannosus ................................................................................ felted texture papaverinus .......................................................................................................... poppy-red papillionaceus ..................................................................................................butterfly-like papillosus ............................................................................. covered with protuberances papyraceus ..................................................................................................................papery para- ...................................................................................................... by the side of, near galanthus ............................................................................................ milk-white flowers galeatus ............................................................................................................... helmeted galericulatus ..................................................................................... with a little helmet gamo- ............................................................................................................................united -gamus ........................................................................................................................ sexes gelatus ......................................................................................................................... frozen gelatinous /gelineus ............................................................................................ jelly-like gemellus /geminus ................................................................................twin-born, paired geminatus /gemini- ...................................................................................................... twin gemmatus .............................................................................................................. budded generalis ............................................................................................... general, prevailing geniculatus ................................................................................................. jointed, kneed -genus .......................................................................................... born in a certain place geometricus ................................................................................................... in a pattern geotropus ............................................................................. turning towards the ground -ger .......................................................................................................... bearing, carrying gibbosus .......................................................................................... swollen on one side gigant- /giganteus ......................................................................................... gigantic, large giganthes ..................................................................................................... giant-flowered glabratus ............................................................................................. somewhat smooth glabrous .................................................................................................................... smooth glacialis ............................................................................................................... icy, frozen gland- /glandulosus ............................................................................................ glandular glaucous .........................a grayish, bluish, or whitish waxy coating easily rubbed off globosus .................................................................................................. round like a ball globularis .................................................................................................. globule-bearing globuliformis ...................................................................................................... button-like glochidiatus .................................................................................... with barbed bristles glomeratus .......................................................... clustered closely together in a head gloriosus ............................................................................................................... glorious 25 14 Pp glosso- ..................................................................................................................... tongue glumaceous ..............................................................................like the glumes of grasses glutinous /glutinosis ..................................................................................... sticky, viscid glypto- ........................................................................................................................cut into gompho- ......................................................................................................... club-shaped -gon ................................................................................................................. angles, sides gongylodes .......................................................................................... roundish, swollen gonia- ........................................................................................................ angled, cornered gracilis .............................................................................................................. thin, slender gracillimus ............................................................................................ very thin, slender gramineus ........................................................................................................... grass-like graminifolius ..................................................................................................... grass-leaved grandi- ................................................................................................................... big, large graniticus .................................................................................................... granite-loving granular / granulate / ...........................................granulose covered with tiny bumps gratus ....................................................................................................agreeable, pleasing graveolens ................................................................................................. strong-smelling griseus ............................................................................................................................ grey grosse ..................................................................................... coarsely, larger than usual gruinus .......................................................................................................................... crane gummosus ............................................................................................................... gummy guttatus .................................................................................................. spotted, speckled gymno- .........................................................................................................................naked gymnocarpus .................................................................................................naked-fruited gyn- / gyno- ...................................................................................................(female) pistil gyrans .....................................................................................................revolving, gyrating gyrosus .............................................................curved backwards and forwards, spiral nucifer ............................................................................................................. nut-bearing nudus............................................................................................................................ naked nullimodo ......................................................................................by no means, in no way nummularus ............................................................................................................... money nutans .................................................................................................................... nodding nyctagineus ............................................................................................... night-blooming nycticalus .................................................................................................. night-blooming Oo haem- / haemat- ............................................................................................... blood-red halo- .................................................................................................................................salthalophilus .............................................................................................................salt-loving hamatus / hamosus .................................................................................. barbed, hooked hapalo- .............................................................................................................................. soft haplo- ............................................................................................................................ single hastatus ...........................................................................................................spear-shaped hedy- ............................................................................................................................ sweetheleo- / helo- ............................................................................................................. marsh helveticus ..................................................................................................................... Swiss helvolus ..............................................................................................................pale yellow hemi- ............................................................................................................................... halfhepaticus ....................................................................................................... liver-coloured ob- ........................................................................................................ inversed, reversed obconicus .............................................................................................. inversely conical obcordatus ........................................................................................... inversely cordate obesus ................................................................................................................. obese, fat obfuscatus ........................................................................................... clouded, confused oblanceolatus .................................................................................. inversely lanceolate obliquus ................................................................................................................... oblique obliteratus ......................................................................................... obliterated, erased obscurus ................................................................................................. obscure, hidden obsoletus .................................................................................... obsolete, rudimentary obtusus .......................................................................................................... obtuse, blunt obvallatus ....................................................................................... apparently walled up occidentalis .......................................................................................................... western oceanicus ................................................................................. pertaining to the oceans ocellatus ....................................................................marked with two-coloured spots ochraceus ............................................................................................... ochre-coloured ochreatus .......................................................................................... with a boot-sheath ochro- .................................................................................................................. yellowish octo- ............................................................................................................................ eight ocularis ......................................................................................................... eyed, spotted oculatus ........................................................................................................ eyed, spotted odon- ..................................................................................................................... toothed odoratus /odorus ............................................................ having a smell, usually sweet officinalis ............................................................................................................. medicinal -oides .............................................................................................................................. like oleraceus .................................................. pertaining to kitchen gardens, lettuce-like oligo- ............................................................................................................................... few olitorius ................................................................................................. vegetable garden olivaceus .......................................................................................................... olive-green oliviformis ..................................................................................................... olive-shaped opacus ...................................................................................................... opaque, shaded operculatus ............................................................................................................... lidded ophio- ............................................................................................... pertaining to snakes oppositus ............................................................................................................. opposite 15 24 Hh Nn nanellus ............................................................................................................ very dwarf nanno /nano .............................................................................................................. dwarf napi- ........................................................................................................................... turnip narinosus ...................................................................................................... broad-nosed nascens ................................................................................................................... beginning nasutus ............................................................................................................ large-nosed natans .................................................................................................. floating, swimming nauseosus ....................................................................................... nauseating, sickening navicularis .......................................................................................................boat-shaped nebulosus .............................................................................................. clouded, obscure neglectus ...................................................................................... neglected, overlooked nemoralis /nemorosus ............................................. pertaining to woods and groves nephro- .................................................................................................................... kidney -nervis /neurus.............................................................................................. nerves, veins nervosus .................................................................................................... nerved, veined neso- ................................................................................................... pertaining to islands nidus ............................................................................................................................. nest niger /nigeratus /nigricans ......................................................... various types of black nitens /nitidus ......................................................................................... polished, shining nivalis /niveus .................................................................................... snowy, snow-white nivosus ............................................................................................................. full of snow nobili- .......................................................................................................... noble, famous nocti- ........................................................................................................................... night noctiflorus....................................................................................................night-flowering nocturnus .................................................................................... belonging to the night nodi- .......................................................................................................................... nodes nodosus ................................................................................................................... knobby nodulosus ............................................................................................. with small nodes nolitangere .................................................................................................. do not touch nonscriptus .................................................................................................... undescribed notabilis ....................................................................................... noteworthy, remarkable notatus ................................................................................................................... marked notho- .......................................................................................................................... false novae- ........................................................................................................................... new novae-angliae .............................................................................................. New England novae-belgii ....................................................................................................... New York novae-caesareae ............................................................................................ New Jersey novae-zelandicae .......................................................................................... New Zealand novem ...............................................................................................................................nine nubilus .................................................................................... cloudy, dark, greyish-blue nubigenus ................................................................................................................. clouds nucatus..................................................................................................................nut-brown 23 hepta- ............................................................................................................................ seven herbaceus ................................................................................. herbaceous, not woody hesperius ............................................................................................................. the West hetero- ......................................................................................... different, other, varied heterogeneus .......................................................................... not uniform in structure hexa- ................................................................................................................................ six hians ................................................................................................................ open, gaping hibernalis /hibernus ............................................. winter, wintry, belonging to winter hibernicus ............................................................................................................... Ireland hieroglyphicus ....................................................................................................... marked hircinus .................................................................................................. smells like a goat hirsutus ............................................................... covered with coarse, stiff long hairs hirtellus ................................................................................................... somewhat hairy hirtus ........................................................................................................................... hairy hispanicus .............................................................................................................. Spanish hispidus ...........................................................................................covered with bristles holo- .............................................................................................................. entire, whole homo- ............................................................................................ like, of the same kind, homogeneous....................................................................................uniform in structure horizontalis ...................................................................................................... horizontal horridus ............................................................................................ prickly, sticking out hortensis ..................................................... pertaining to gardens, raised in a garden hortorum ...................................................................................... cultivated, of gardens hortulanus ........................................................................................................... gardener hortulorum ................................................................................................... little garden hortulus ............................................................................................................. tiny garden humifusus ........................................................ sprawling on the ground, procumbent humilis ...................................................................................................... low, low-growing hyacinthinus ........................................................................................ sapphire-coloured hyalinus ............................................................................................................ translucent hybridus ....................................................................................................... hybrid, mixed hyemalis ............................................................................................ belonging to winter hygrometricus ........................................................................................ taking up water hymeno- ........................................................................................................... membrane hymenodes ............................................................................................... membrane-like hyper- .................................................................................................. beyond, above, over hyperboreus ................................................................ belonging to the very far north hypnoides ............................................................................................................ moss-like hypo- .......................................................................................................... under, beneath hypocrateriformis ...................................................................................... salver-shaped hystrix ............................................................................................ porcupine-like, bristly 16 Ii iadinus ............................................................................................................... jade-green icosa- ....................................................................................................................... twenty ignescens .................................................................................. fiery, glowing bright-red igneus ...................................................................................................................... fire-red ilici- ............................................................................................................................... holly illecebrosus ......................................................................................... alluring, attractive illinitus ....................................................................... daubed over, smeared, varnished illustratus .............................................................................................................. pictured illustris ....................................................................................................... bright, lustrous im- ........................................................................................................................... without imbricatus ........................ scales, sepals, etc., having overlapping adjacent edges immaculatus ...................................................................................... spotless, unstained immersus .......................................................... covered up, submerged, under water imminens ........................................................................................................... overhanging imperialis ............................................................................................................... imperial implexus ........................................................................................ entangled, interwoven impressus ............................................................................................................ sunken in impudicus ....................................................................................... shameless, immodest incanus ............................................................................................................ hoary, white incarnatus .................................................................................................. flesh-coloured incertus .............................................................................................. uncertain, doubtful incisus .......................................................................................... cut deeply and sharply inclinatus ................................................................................................. bent downward incomptus .............................................................................................. plain, unadorned incrassatus ......................................................................................................... thickened incurvatus /incurvus ..................................................................................... bent inward indica ...........................................................................................................................of India inermis .....................................................unarmed, without prickles, spines, or thorns infestus ........................................................................ troublesome, becoming a weed inflatus .....................................................................................bladdery, inflated, swollen inflexus ............................................................................................................ bent inwards infractus ....................................................................................... sharply bent, incurved infundibularis ............................................................................. trumpet/funnel-shaped ingens .......................................... enormous, exceeding the usual size for the genus inopinatus ...........................................................................................................unexpected inquinatus .................................................................................... polluting, discolouring inscriptus ......................................................................................................... written on insculptus ..........................................................................................................engraved on insignis ................................................. distinguished by, remarkable for, outstanding insititius ................................................................................................................... grafted insularis ........................................................................................... pertaining to islands intactus ................................................................................................. intact, untouched 17 meniscatus ......................................................... shaped like a half-moon or crescent meridionalis ............................................................................................ south, southern -merus ......................................................................................... parts, number of parts meso- ........................................................................................................................ middle metallicus ............................................................................................................... metallic micans ................................................................................................. glittering, sparkling micro- .......................................................................................................................... small mille- .................................................................................................................... thousand miniatus ............................................................................................................. saturn-red minimus ............................................................................................ very little, very least minor ............................................................................................................inferior, lesser minus .................................................................................................................. less, small minutius ............................................................................................... very small, minute mirabilis ............................................................................................................ marvellous mitis .................................................................................................. mellow, mild, gentle mitratus ............................................................................................................ turban-like mixtus ........................................................................................................................ mixed modestus ............................................................................................................... modest mollis .......................................................................................................... soft and pliant moniliformis ................................................... shaped like a string of cylindrical beads mono- ............................................................................................................................ one monstrosus .................................................................................. monstrous, abnormal montanus ...................................................................................... growing on mountains mori- .................................................................................................................... mulberry -morphus ................................................................................................................ shaped mosaicus .................................................................................... mosaic, many-coloured moschatus ................................................................................................ musky-scented mucosus ...................................................................................................................... slimy mucronatus ............................................................................... ending in a sharp point mucronulatus .......................................................................................with a small point multi- .......................................................................................................................... manymultiplex ....................................................................................................... many-folded mundulus ........................................................................................................... trim, neat munitus ......................................................................................... armed, provided with muralis ................................................................................................... growing on walls muricatus ........................................................................ rough with short hard points musci- ............................................................................................................................... fly muscosus .................................................................................................................. mossy mutabilis ............................................................................................ changeable, varying mutatus ................................................................................................................. changed muticus .................................................................................................... blunt, no points mutilatus ........................................................................................... cut short, mutilated myrio- ........................................................................................................ countless, a lot myrmeco- ................................................................................................pertaining to ants myxo- ........................................................................................................................... slimy 22 Mm macilentus .......................................................................................................lean, meager macro- ........................................................................................................... large or long maculatus ............................................................................................................... spotted maculosus ..........................................................................................................full of spots magnificus ....................................................................................................... magnificent magnus ........................................................................................................................ large majalis ............................................................................................................................ May majesticus ............................................................................................................. majestic major ........................................................................................................................ greater malaco- ................................................................................................. soft, mucilaginous mali- ............................................................................................................................ apple malvaceus ...................................................................................... pertaining to mallow mamillatus ...........................................................................with small breasts or nipples mammosus ...................................................................... with large breasts or nipples manicatus ....................................................................................................... long-sleeved manzanita ......................................................................................................... small apple margaritaceus ....................................................................................... pearl-like, pearly marginalis ............................................................................................... edged, margined marianus ......................................................................................... after the virgin Mary marilandicus ....................................................................................................... Maryland marinus ...................................................................................................growing in the sea maritimus ............................................................................................growing by the sea marmoratus ............................................................................................ marbled, mottled mas /masculus /masculinus ..................................................................... male, masculine matricalis .............................................................................................................. maternal maximus ................................................................................................................ greatest medicus ............................................................................................................... medicinal medio- ....................................................................................................................... centre mediopictus ............................................................................ striped down the centre medius ............................................................................. middle, medium, intermediate medullaris ..................................................................................................... marrow, pith mega- /megalo- .................................................................................big, great, very large meio- .......................................................................................................lesser or smaller melancholicus ..................................................................................... hanging, drooping melano- ................................................................................................... black, very dark meleagris ........................................................................................................... checkered melius ............................................................................................................................better melleus ....................................................................................................................... honey mellitus .......................................................................................................... honey-sweet melo- ......................................................................................................................... melon membranaceus ........................................................................................ membrane-like mendosus ........................................................................................ incorrect, full of faults 21 integer ....................................................................................................................... entire integri- ....................................................................................................................... entire intercurrens ............................................................................................. running between interjectus .............................................................................................. placed between interruptus ..................................................................................................... interrupted interspersus .......................................................................................strewn, interspersed interstitium .................................................................................................. space between intertextus ............................................................................... interwoven, intertwined intestinus ................................................................................................................... internal intortus .................................................................................................................. twisted intricatus ........................................................................................... intricate, entangled introrsus .................................................................................................... turned inward intumescens .......................................................................................................... swollen inversus ........................................................... inverted, turned over or upside down invisus ............................................................................................... unseen, overlooked involucratus ................................ with a ring of bracts around the base of a flower involutus ..................................................................................................... rolled inwards ion- /io- ..................................................................................................... violet-coloured -ipes .................................................................................................................... foot, stalk iridi- ................................................................................................................................. iris irregularis ............................................................................................................. irregular irriguus .................................................................................. wet, soaked, well-watered ischno- ...............................................................................................................thin, slender iso- ........................................................................................................................equal, like -issimus ......................................................................................................................... very ixo- .............................................................................................................................. sticky Jj japonica /us ..........................................................................................................from Japan jubatus ............................................................................................ crested, with a mane jucundus ................................................................................................................. pleasing jugatus ............................................................................................yoked together in pairs jugosus ....................................................................................................................... joined -jugus ....................................................................................................... yoked, together julaceus ........................................................................... smoothly cylindrical, catkin-like junceus ................................................................................................................. rush-like juncifolius ........................................................................................................ rush-leaved juvenalis .....................................................................................................youthful, juvenile juxta.................................................................................................................................. near 18 Kk kermesinus ............................................................................................................... crimson Ll labiatus ...................................................................................................................... lipped labilis ....................................................................................................................... slippery labiosus ..............................................................................................................large-lipped -labium ............................................................................................... lower lip of corolla -labrus ............................................................................................................................ lips lacerus .......................................................................................................................... torn laciniatus ............................................................................slashed into narrow divisions lacti- ..................................................................................................... milk, milky-colour lactifer ..........................................................................................................milk-producing lacunosus ...............................................................................covered with holes or pits lacustris .......................................................................................................inhabiting lakes laetus ......................................................................................... bright, cheerful, pleasant laevigatus .......................................................................................... smooth and polished laevus ........................................................................smooth, free of hairs or roughness lagenoiformis .............................................................................. flask or bottle-shaped laminarus ............................................................................................................ blade-like lanatus ...................................................................................................................... woolly lanceolate ........................................................................................................... lance-like laneus ...................................................................................................... woolly, wool-like languescens .............................................................................................. wilting, withering lanosus .......................................................................................................................... wooly lanuginosus .................................................................................................. woolly, downy lappaceus ............................................................................................................... bur-like largus ....................................................................................................................... abundant lasio- .............................................................................................................. woolly, hairy lasiocarpus .......................................................................................................... wooly fruit -lateralis ......................................................................................................................... sides lateri- ............................................................................................................... at the sides lateritius ................................................................................................................ brick-red lati- ................................................................................................................... broad, wide laudatus .................................................................................................... laudable, worthy lauri- ............................................................................................................................ laurel laurinus ................................................................................................................. laurel-like lavandulaceus /lavandulus ........................................................................... lavender-like laxi- ...................................................................................................................... loose, open leio- .......................................................................................................................... smooth lenticular /lenticularis ..................................................................................... lens-shaped lentiginosus ............................................................................................................ freckled 19 lentus ................................................................................................flexible, pliant, tough leonto- ........................................................................................................................... lion leopardinus ............................................................................................ leopard-spotted lepido- ...........................................................................................................................scaly lepidotus .................................................................................... covered in small scales leprosus ..................................................................................................................... scurfy lepto- ............................................................................................... narrow, slender, thin leuco- ........................................................................................................................ whitelignosus .................................................................................................................... woody ligu- /laris /latus .................................................................................................. strap-like -ligulatus .................................................................................................................... ligules ligustici- ..................................................................................................................... lovage ligusticus .................................................................................................................. Liguria ligustri- ...................................................................................................................... privet lilacinus .......................................................................................................................... lilac liliaceus ..................................................................................................................... lily-like limbatus ............................................................................................................... bordered limpidus ....................................................................................................clear, transparent limosus ...................................................................................................... muddy, marshy lineari- ........................................................................................................................ linear lineatus ........................................................................................... parallel-lined, striped linguiformis /lingulatus ........................................................................... tongue-shaped linifolius .............................................................................................................. flax-leaved liquidus............................................................................................................................ clear litho- ........................................................................................................................... stone littoralis .................................................................................pertaining to the seashore lividus ................................................................................................................ livid, bluish lobatus ........................................................................................................................ lobed lobulatus ......................................................................................................... small-lobed locularis ....................................................................................... having cavities or cells longaevus ................................................................................................................long-lived loph- ....................................................................................................................... crested loratus ........................................................................................................... strap-shaped lubricus ...............................................................................................smooth and slippery lucidus ............................................................................................... clear, bright, shining lunaris /lunatus ..................................................................................... crescent-shaped lunulatus .................................................................................... slightly crescent-shaped luridus ........................................................................................... dirty drab pale yellow luteolus ...................................................................................................................... yellow lutescens................................................................................................... becoming yellow lutetianus ............................................................................................................... Parisian luteus .............................................................................................................. deep yellow luxurians ................................................................................................. luxuriant, thrifty lyratus .................................................................................. pinnate, long terminal lobe 20